Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: therapeutic evaluation in the orthopaedic and trauma surgery department
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Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the management of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the orthopaedic surgery and traumatology department of the Heal Africa Tertiary Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022.
Material and Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective study conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, involving a sample of 44 patients hospitalised for aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head, with statistical analysis using the Chi-square test, a statistical significance threshold of 5% and a 95% confidence interval.
Results: Between 2021 and 2022, the incidence of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in HEAL Africa was 52% in 2022 and 48% in 2021, affecting mainly male patients (61%) and those aged 56 to 75 years (48%). Of the 44 patients studied, 89% received surgical treatment and 11% orthopaedic treatment. General anaesthesia was used in 52% of patients, compared with 48% for spinal anaesthesia. Analysis showed that age (particularly 15-35 years, P=0.002) and reason for consultation (lameness, functional impotence) were significantly associated with favourable treatment outcome. Nursing care was essential throughout the treatment.Preoperatively, the nurses provided therapeutic education and responded to patients' concerns about surgical and anaesthetic treatments. After the operation, they monitored vital signs, managed pain and prevented complications such as infections and thromboembolic disorders. They also trained patients in wound management, rehabilitation and post-operative precautions.
Conclusion: Counselling was a crucial support for patients with chronic symptoms, contributing to holistic and emotional management.
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