Maternal complications in preeclampsia severe at the Monkole mother and child hospital : A historical cohort study

Abstract

Introduction : Severe preeclampsia is an obstetric emergency requiring the hospitalization of patients in hospitals allowing maternal and fetal care. Poorly followed, it can evolve into dramatic complications for the couple mother-child. The
aims of our study was to study the complications and the survival of women with severe preeclampsia at the Mother and Child Hospital Monkole.
Methods: This is a historical cohort study that included 265 mothers with severe preeclampsia in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological variables were studied. Cox's proportional hazard was used to research for maternal death factors.
Results: During severe preeclampsia, 80 women, ie a frequency of 30.2%, had presented at least one complication. Hypertensive retinopathy (17.7%) and Retroplacental
 hematoma (7.5%) were the most common complications. Primiparas, grand multiparas and women with a history of preeclampsia had a very high frequency of complications during severe preeclampsia (p<0.05). The frequency of death was 2.7%. Patients with complications had a significantly shorter survival compared to those without complications (p<0.001). Complications during preeclampsia increased the risk of death by 21 times (HR=21.13, 95% CI: 12.31-26.95, p=0.001).
Conclusion: Severe pre-eclampsia is pregnancy pathology with a fairly high mortality in the mother. Hence the need for preventive and correct management of these complications.