Surgical site infections: Frequency, bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility testing in East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Abstract
Introduction : Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common surgical complications encountered in most surgical procedures worldwide. Since most surgical procedures are not spared, we conducted this study to estimate their frequency and determine the germs usually found and the antibiotics to which they are sensitive in the surgical department of the Panzi General Referral Hospital (HGR Panzi).
Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study included patients who underwent surgery between November 2023 and May 2024 in the surgical department of the Panzi General Referral Hospital and who were followed up for 30 postoperative days. Analyses were performed using SPSS 26 software, and the Kaplan Meir survival curve had presented the cumulative frequency of onset of signs of postoperative infection.
Results: In this study, 567 patients were operated on in the surgical department, 50 of whom showed signs of surgical site infection, i.e. a frequency of 8.8%. The mean age of the patients was 33.7±2 years, with a male predominance (74%). The following germs were identified by Pyo culture: Escherichia coli, found in all departments except ENT, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus spp, representative of digestive surgery. Escherichia coli were sensitive to Amikacin (31.6%), Gentamycin (15.8%), Augmentin (16.7%), Ceftriaxone (100%), Ofloxacin (100.0%) and Ciprofloxacin (41.2%). Klebsiella was sensitive to Amikacin (31.6%), Ciprofloxacin (29.4%), Gentamicin (36.8%) and Piperacillin (50%), and Staphylococcus spp was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (23.5%) and Erythromycin (100%).
Conclusion: the results of this study show a high frequency of SSIs, and that germs such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus spp. predominate and are responsible for the majority of surgical site infections, hence the need for prevention during surgical procedures.
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